GAMSification

The book “Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets” has a number of interesting GAMS models in the back. Some of these models are presented in scalar format, i.e. bypassing the indexing facilities. Here my attempt to express these models in a more generic format. Often that means making the models more general, which may require some extra effort and thinking upfront. Besides making the models more extensible I also hope this makes the models more structure-revealing. Besides delivering results a model should also convey the concepts on which is built.

In this model we consider a network of markets with suppliers in each market:

We have two type of producers: exporters and producers that only serve their own market. They optimize their profits and their optimization problem is actually very much alike.

Another player is the TCO: the Transportation System Operator. This agent also maximizes its profit.

Combining these systems of First Order Conditions (KKT conditions) with a Market Clearing condition leads to a small MCP model. Here follows my version:

$ontext    network of energy suppliers    Reference:       Steven A. Gabriel, Antonio J. Conejo, J. David Fuller,       Benjamin F. Hobbs, Carlos Ruiz       Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets       Springer 2012 $offtext Sets    s 'producers (supplier)' /A,B,C,D/    n 'nodes in network' /node1,node2/    sn(s,n) 'network topology' /       (A,B).node1       (C,D).node2    /    exports(s,n,n) 'export links' /(A,B).node1.node2/    exporter(s) 'exporters are subset of suppliers'    link(n,n) 'export flow' ; alias(n,n1,n2); * interesting: the next rhs are the same nut the calculate something * different exporter(s) = sum(exports(s,n1,n2),1); link(n1,n2) = sum(exports(s,n1,n2),1); display sn,exports,exporter,link; parameters    tau_reg(n,n)  'regulated tariff for export (exogenous)'  /node1.node2 0.5/    gamma(s)   'unit production cost for each supplier'                 / A 10, B 12, C 15, D 18 /    a(n)        'coefficient for demand function'                 /node1 20, node2 40/    b(n)         'coefficient for demand function'                 /node1 1, node2 2/    q_max(s)    'upper bound on production (capacity)'                 /A 10, B 10, C 5, D 5 /    g_max(n,n)   'max flow over link (capacity)' /node1.node2 5/    gamma_TSO    'unit cost for TSO' /1/ ; positive variables    sell(s,n)    'quantity sold'    q(s,n)       'quantity produced'    f(s,n,n)     'quantity exported'    lambda(s,n)  'dual on upper bound production'    g(n,n)       'flows'    veps(n,n)    'dual on transportation capacity condition' ; free variables    delta(s,n)  'dual on sell=production-export'    pi(n)       'prices'    tau(n,n)    'congestion tariff (endogenous)' ; equations    FOC_supplier_sell(s,n)    'derivative of Lagrangian wrt variable sell'    FOC_supplier_q(s,n)       'derivative of Lagrangian wrt variable q'    FOC_supplier_exp(s,n,n)   'derivative of Lagrangian wrt variable f'    supplier_max_prod(s,n)    'capacity constraint'    supplier_supply(s,n)      'supply is locally sold or exported'    MC(n)     'market clearing'    FOC_TSO_g(n,n)            'derivative of Lagragian wrt variable g'    TSO_max(n,n)              'capacity constraint'    TSO_sum(n,n)              'summation of flows' ; FOC_supplier_sell(sn(s,n))..      -pi(n)+delta(s,n) =g= 0; FOC_supplier_q(sn(s,n))..      gamma(s)+lambda(s,n)-delta(s,n) =g= 0; FOC_supplier_exp(exports(s,n1,n2))..      -pi(n2)+(tau_reg(n1,n2)+tau(n1,n2))+delta(s,n1) =g= 0; supplier_max_prod(sn(s,n))..      q_max(s)-q(s,n) =g= 0; supplier_supply(sn(s,n))..      sell(s,n)-q(s,n)+sum(exports(s,n,n2),f(s,n,n2))=e=0; MC(n)..      sum(sn(s,n),sell(s,n)) + sum(exports(s,n1,n),f(s,n1,n)) -(a(n)-b(n)*pi(n)) =e= 0; FOC_TSO_g(link(n1,n2))..      -tau_reg(n1,n2) - tau(n1,n2) + gamma_TSO + veps(n1,n2) =g= 0; TSO_max(link(n1,n2))..      g_max(n1,n2) - g(n1,n2) =g= 0; TSO_sum(link(n1,n2))..      g(n1,n2) - sum(exports(s,n1,n2),f(s,n1,n2)) =e= 0; MODEL compl1 /    FOC_supplier_sell.sell    FOC_supplier_q.q    FOC_supplier_exp.f    supplier_max_prod.lambda    supplier_supply.delta    MC.pi    FOC_TSO_g.g    TSO_max.veps    TSO_sum.tau /; solve compl1 using mcp; parameter results(*,*,*); $macro report(a)  \     results(a,'unit cost', s) = gamma(s);                \     results(a,'sell',  s) = sum(n, sell.l(s,n));         \     results(a,'q',     s) = sum(n, q.l(s,n));            \     results(a,'qmax',  s) = q_max(s);                    \     results(a,'export',s) = sum((n1,n2),f.l(s,n1,n2));   \     results(a,'flow',  n) = sum(n2, g.l(n,n2));          \     results(a,'maxflow',n) = sum(n2, g_max(n,n2));       \     results(a,'price', n) = pi.l(n);                     \     results(a,'exo.tariff',n) = sum(n2,tau_reg(n,n2));   \     results(a,'end.tariff',n) = sum(n2,tau.l(n,n2));     \     display results; report('base case') * make A,B more expensive gamma('A') = 15; gamma('B') = 17; solve compl1 using mcp; report('A,B expensive')

 

Some of the results:

----    151 PARAMETER results                                     A           B           C           D       node1       node2 base case    .unit cost       10.000      12.000      15.000      18.000 base case    .sell             7.439       0.561       5.000 base case    .q               10.000       3.000       5.000 base case    .qmax            10.000      10.000       5.000       5.000 base case    .export           2.561       2.439 base case    .flow                                                             5.000 base case    .maxflow                                                          5.000 base case    .price                                                           12.000      15.000 base case    .exo.tariff                                                       0.500 base case    .end.tariff                                                       2.500 A,B expensive.unit cost       15.000      17.000      15.000      18.000 A,B expensive.sell             5.000                   5.000 A,B expensive.q                8.000                   5.000 A,B expensive.qmax            10.000      10.000       5.000       5.000 A,B expensive.export           3.000 A,B expensive.flow                                                             3.000 A,B expensive.maxflow                                                          5.000 A,B expensive.price                                                           15.000      16.000 A,B expensive.exo.tariff                                                       0.500 A,B expensive.end.tariff                                                       0.500